| Name | Kaohsiung |
|---|
| Settlement type | Special municipality |
|---|
| Official name | Kaohsiung City · |
|---|
| Native name | |
|---|
| Nickname | The Harbor City (Gangdu), The Maritime Capital, The Waterfront City |
|---|
| Image seal | Kaohsiung City seal new.svg |
|---|
| Seal type | Seal |
|---|
| Seal size | 120x120px |
|---|
| Map caption | Kaohsiung City shown within the Taiwan islands |
|---|
| Image map1 | Kaohsiung, Pingtung and Kaoping River.JPG |
|---|
| Mapsize1 | 230px |
|---|
| Map caption1 | Satellite image of Kaohsiung |
|---|
| Coordinates display | inline,title |
|---|
| Coordinates region | TW |
|---|
| Subdivision type | Country |
|---|
| Subdivision name | |
|---|
| Subdivision type1 | Region |
|---|
| Subdivision name1 | Southern Taiwan |
|---|
| Subdivision type2 | City seat |
|---|
| Subdivision name2 | Lingya District and Fengshan District |
|---|
| Leader title | Mayor |
|---|
| Leader name | Chen Chu (DPP) |
|---|
| Area total km2 | 2946.2527 |
|---|
| Population as of | 2010 |
|---|
| Population note | Population rank 2 |
|---|
| Population total | 2769072 |
|---|
| Population density km2 | auto |
|---|
| Utc offset | +8 |
|---|
| Elevation m | 9 |
|---|
| Postal code type | Postal code |
|---|
| Postal code | 800-813, 817-819 |
|---|
| Area code | (0)7 |
|---|
| Blank name sec1 | Districts |
|---|
| Blank info sec1 | 38 |
|---|
| Website | www.kcg.gov.tw/english |
|---|
| Footnotes | }} |
|---|
Kaohsiung (|hp=Gāoxióng|poj=Ko-hiông}}; old names: Takao, Takow, Takau) is a city located in southwestern Taiwan, facing the Taiwan Strait on the west. Kaohsiung, officially named Kaohsiung City, is divided into thirty-eight districts. The city is one of five special municipalities of the Republic of China (Taiwan). On December 25, 2010, it merged with Kaohsiung County to form a larger municipality.
Kaohsiung is the second largest city in Taiwan, with a population around 2.9 million. It is a center for manufacturing, refining, shipbuilding, and other light and heavy industries. A major port, through which pass most of Taiwan's marine imports and exports, is located at the city but is not managed by the city government.
Kaohsiung International Airport serving the city is the second largest airport in Taiwan. The Port of Kaohsiung is the largest harbor in Taiwan. Kaohsiung is the terminal of the Sun Yat-sen Freeway. The city is served by the railway stations of Western Line and Pingtung Line. Taiwan High Speed Rail connects it with Taipei City. The Kaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit, the city's subway system, was launched in early 2008. Kaohsiung was the host city of the 2009 World Games, a multisport event primarily composed of sports not featured in the Olympic Games. The city is also home to the Republic of China Navy.
History
Founded near the end of the 17th century, the village was known as Takau () in the
Hoklo language spoken by most of the early immigrants. The name originates from the ''Makatao'' language of the local
aboriginal tribe and translates as "bamboo forest". The
Dutch established
Fort Zeelandia in 1624 and defeated the local tribes in 1635. They called the place
Tancoia. The Dutch were later expelled by the
Kingdom of Tungning government founded by Ming Dynasty loyalists of
Koxinga in 1662.
Zheng Jing, the son of Koxinga, renamed the village Wannian Zhou () in 1664. The name was restored to Takau in the late 1670s, when the town expanded dramatically with immigrants from
mainland China. In 1684 the
Qing Dynasty annexed
Taiwan and renamed the town Fengshan County (), considering it a part of Taiwan Prefecture. It was first opened as a port during the 1680s.
In 1895, Taiwan was ceded to Japan as part of the Treaty of Shimonoseki. It was during this period that the city's name was changed from 打狗 (Taiwanese: ''Táⁿ-káu'') to 高雄 (romaji: ''Takao''). While the sound remained more or less the same when pronounced in Japanese, the literal meaning of the name changed from "Beating Dog" to "High Hero". The Japanese developed Takao, especially the harbour. An important military base and industry center, the city was heavily bombed by Task Force 38 and FEAF during 1944–1945.
After control of Taiwan was handed to the Republic of China in 1945, the official romanization of the city name came to be "Kao-hsiung", based on the Wade–Giles romanization of the Mandarin reading of the kanji name. Kaohsiung was upgraded to a special municipality on July 1, 1979, by the Executive Yuan, which approved this proposal on November 19, 1978. The Kaohsiung Incident took place in Kaohsiung on December 10, 1979.
Geography
The city sits on the southwestern coast of Taiwan facing the Taiwan Strait. The downtown areas are centered around Kaohsiung Harbor with the island of Qijin on the other side of the harbor acting as a natural breakwater. The Love River (or Ai River) flows into the harbor through the Old City and downtown. Zuoying Military Harbor lies to the north of Kaohsiung Harbor and the city center. Kaohsiung's natural landmarks include the coral mountains Ape Hill, Shoushan and Banpingshan.
Climate
Kaohsiung is located south of the
Tropic of Cancer. The climate is
tropical, specifically a
tropical wet and dry climate (
Koppen ''Aw''), with average temperatures ranging from between 18.6 and 28.7 degrees Celsius, and average
humidity between 60 and 81%. Average annual rainfall is approximately 1785 mm, focused primarily from June to August.
Government
Politics
Kaohsiung is sometimes seen as the political mirror image of Taipei. While northern Taiwan leans towards the Pan-Blue Coalition in the state-level elections, southern Taiwan leaned towards the Pan-Green Coalition since late 1990s, and Kaohsiung is no exception. Frank Hsieh of the Democratic Progressive Party was reelected twice as Mayor of Kaohsiung, where he was widely credited for transforming the city from an industrial sprawl into an attractive modern metropolis. Hsieh resigned from the office of mayor to take up the office of Premier of the Republic of China in 2005. The last municipal election, held on December 9, 2006, resulted in a victory for the Democratic Progressive Party's candidate Chen Chu, the first elected female mayor of special municipality in Taiwan, defeating her Kuomintang rival and former deputy mayor, Huang Chun-ying.
{|
|
|
|
|}
Subdivisions
Kaohsiung has 38
districts (區). Each district is divided up into villages (里), which are sub-divided into neighborhoods (鄰).
:Note: For the inconsistency of the
rominization systems in Taiwan. This table was made in a sortable form, contains both
Hanyu Pinyin (the official standard of the
central government of ROC), and
Tongyong Pinyin (the official standard of the Kaohsiung City Government)
. The major order of districts referred to the code of administrative area.
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!No.!!Hanyu Pinyin!!Tongyong Pinyin!!Chinese
!Area(km²)!!No. ofvillages!!Population(2010)
!rowspan="39" class="unsortable"|
Administrative Divisions of Kaohsiung
|-
|align=right|1||Yancheng District||Yancheng District||鹽埕區
|align=right|1.4161||align=right|21||align=right|27,651
|-
|align=right|2||Gushan District||Gushan District||鼓山區
|align=right|14.7458||align=right|38||align=right|129,521
|-
|align=right|3||Zuoying District||Zuoying District||左營區
|align=right|19.3888||align=right|44||align=right|189,944
|-
|align=right|4||Nanzi District||Nanzih District||楠梓區
|align=right|25.8276||align=right|37||align=right|171,906
|-
|align=right|5||Sanmin District||Sanmin District||三民區
|align=right|19.7866||align=right|88||align=right|355,097
|-
|align=right|6||Xinxing District||Sinsing District||新興區
|align=right|1.9764||align=right|32||align=right|55,744
|-
|align=right|7||Qianjin District||Cianjin District||前金區
|align=right|1.8573||align=right|20||align=right|29,208
|-
|align=right|8||Lingya District||Lingya District||苓雅區
|align=right|8.1522||align=right|69||align=right|185,021
|-
|align=right|9||Qianzhen District||Cianjhen District||前鎮區
|align=right|19.1207||align=right|61||align=right|199,951
|-
|align=right|10||Qijin District||Cijin District||旗津區
|align=right|1.4639||align=right|13||align=right|29,975
|-
|align=right|11||Xiaogang District||Siaogang District||小港區
|align=right|39.8573||align=right|38||align=right|153,896
|-
|align=right|12||Fengshan District||Fongshan District||鳳山區
|align=right|26.7590||align=right|78||align=right|339,952
|-
|align=right|13||Linyuan District||Linyuan District||林園區
|align=right|32.2860||align=right|24||align=right|70,770
|-
|align=right|14||Daliao District||Daliao District||大寮區
|align=right|71.0400||align=right|25||align=right|109,257
|-
|align=right|15||Dashu District||Dashu District||大樹區
|align=right|66.9811||align=right|18||align=right|44,230
|-
|align=right|16||Dashe District||Dashe District||大社區
|align=right|26.5848||align=right|9||align=right|32,808
|-
|align=right|17||Renwu District||Renwu District||仁武區
|align=right|36.0808||align=right|16||align=right|70,242
|-
|align=right|18||Niaosong District||Niaosong District||鳥松區
|align=right|24.5927||align=right|7||align=right|42,135
|-
|align=right|19||Gangshan District||Gangshan District||岡山區
|align=right|47.9421||align=right|33||align=right|97,095
|-
|align=right|20||Qiaotou District||Ciaotou District||橋頭區
|align=right|25.9379||align=right|17||align=right|36,284
|-
|align=right|21||Yanchao District||Yanchao District||燕巢區
|align=right|65.3950||align=right|11||align=right|31,059
|-
|align=right|22||Tianliao District||Tianliao District||田寮區
|align=right|92.6802||align=right|10||align=right|8,325
|-
|align=right|23||Alian District||Alian District||阿蓮區
|align=right|34.6164||align=right|12||align=right|30,613
|-
|align=right|24||Luzhu District||Lujhu District||路竹區
|align=right|48.4348||align=right|20||align=right|54,137
|-
|align=right|25||Hunei District||Hunei District||湖內區
|align=right|20.1615||align=right|14||align=right|28,697
|-
|align=right|26||Jiading District||Jiading District||茄萣區
|align=right|15.7624||align=right|15||align=right|31,583
|-
|align=right|27||Yong'an District||Yong-an District||永安區
|align=right|22.6141||align=right|6||align=right|14,253
|-
|align=right|28||Mituo District||Mituo District||彌陀區
|align=right|14.7772||align=right|12||align=right|20,613
|-
|align=right|29||Ziguan District||Zihguan District||梓官區
|align=right|11.5967||align=right|15||align=right|36,867
|-
|align=right|30||Qishan District||Cishan District||旗山區
|align=right|94.6122||align=right|21||align=right|40,368
|-
|align=right|31||Meinong District||Meinong District||美濃區
|align=right|120.0316||align=right|19||align=right|43,444
|-
|align=right|32||Liugui District||Liouguei District||六龜區
|align=right|194.1584||align=right|12||align=right|15,354
|-
|align=right|33||Jiaxian District||Jiasian District||甲仙區
|align=right|124.0340||align=right|7||align=right|7,616
|-
|align=right|34||Shanlin District||Shanlin District||杉林區
|align=right|104.0036||align=right|7||align=right|11,102
|-
|align=right|35||Neimen District||Neimen District||內門區
|align=right|95.6224||align=right|18||align=right|16,085
|-
|align=right|36||Maolin District||Maolin District||茂林區
|align=right|194.0000||align=right|3||align=right|1,850
|-
|align=right|37||Taoyuan District||Taoyuan District||桃源區
|align=right|928.9800||align=right|8||align=right|4,777
|-
|align=right|38||Namaxia District||Namasia District||那瑪夏區
|align=right|252.9895||align=right|3||align=right|3,457
|}
Two islands in the South China Sea are administered by Kaohsiung City as parts of Qijin District:
Taiping (island) ()
Dongsha Islands or Pratas Islands ()
Economy
Intensive settlement began in earnest in the late 17th century, when the place was known as Ch'i-hou. Opened in 1863 as a treaty port, subsidiary to the port of
Anping farther north on the coast, Kaohsiung became a
customs station in 1864 and then gradually became an important port for the southern Taiwan coastal plain.
Kaohsiung's real economic and strategic importance began under the Japanese occupation (1895–1945). The Japanese needed a good port in southern Taiwan to serve those designated areas that were to become a major source of raw materials and food for Japan, and Kaohsiung was chosen. It became the southern terminus of the main north-south railway line, and from 1904 to 1907 extensive harbor works were undertaken. In 1920 the port was given the name ''Takao'' and the area became a municipality in 1920.
Before and during World War II it handled a growing share of Taiwan's agricultural exports to Japan, and was also a major base for Japan's campaigns in Southeast Asia and the Pacific, and extremely ambitious plans for the construction of a massive modern port were drawn up. At the same time, it handled a growing share of Taiwan's agricultural exports to Japan. Toward the end of the war, too, the Japanese promoted some industrial development at Kaohsiung, establishing an aluminum industry based on the abundant hydroelectric power produced by the Jih-Yueh Lake project in the mountains.
After it came under Chinese administration in 1945, Kaohsiung developed rapidly. The port, badly damaged in World War II, was restored. It also became a fishing port for boats sailing to Philippine and Indonesian waters. Largely because of its climate, Kaohsiung has overtaken Keelung as Taiwan's major port.
Today as a major international port and industrial city in the southwest of the country, Kaohsiung is the most rapidly developing urban center of Taiwan. With an area of 154 km2, it has a large natural harbor, with the entrance in recent years being expanded, rock-excavated, and dredged.
As an exporting center, Kaohsiung serves the rich agricultural interior of southern Taiwan, as well as the mountains of the southeast. Major raw material exports include rice, sugar, bananas, pineapples, peanuts (groundnuts), and citrus fruits. The 2,200 hectare Linhai Industrial Park, on the waterfront, was completed in the mid-1970s and includes a steel mill, shipyard, petrochemical complex, and other industries. The city has an oil refinery, aluminum and cement works, fertilizer factories, sugar refineries, brick and tile works, and salt-manufacturing and papermaking plants. Designated an export-processing zone in the late 1970s, Kaohsiung has succeeded in attracting foreign investment to process locally purchased raw materials for export. There is also a large canning industry that processes both fruit and fish.
The ongoing Nansing Project is an ambitious plan to reclaim 250 hectares of land along the coast by 2011. The Kaohsiung Harbor Bureau plans to buy 49 hectares of the reclaimed land to establish a solar energy industrial district which would be in the harbor's free trade zone.
The GDP in nominal terms of the city of Kaohsiung is estimated to be around $45 billion US, and $90 billion for the metropolitan region. As of 2008, the GDP per capita in nominal terms of the city of Kaohsiung is approximately US$ 24,000.
Transportation
Port of Kaohsiung
Also known as the "Harbour Capital" of Taiwan, Kaohsiung has always had a strong link with the ocean and maritime transportation. Ferries play a key role in everyday transportation, and often play the role that buses do in other cities, especially for transportation across the harbour. With five terminals and 23 berths, the ''Port of Kaohsiung'' is Taiwan's largest container port and the 6th largest in the world. In 2007 the port reached its handling capacity with a record trade volume of . A new container terminal is under construction, increasing future handling capacity by by 2013.
The Port of Kaohsiung is not officially a part of Kaohsiung City, instead it is administrated by Kaohsiung Port Authority, under Ministry of Transportation. There is a push for Kaohsiung City to annex the Port of Kaohsiung in order to facilitate better regional planning.
Kaohsiung is one of the biggest ports in the world for importing shark fins, sold at high prices in the restaurants and shops of Taiwan and China. They are brought in from overseas and are placed out to dry in the sun on residential rooftops near the port.
Kaohsiung International Airport
Kaohsiung City is also home to Taiwan's second largest airport, the
Kaohsiung International Airport, which is located in the
Siaogang District in southern Kaohsiung City.
Rapid Transit
A new metro system, the Kaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit opened for revenue service in March 2008. A light rail line that circles central Kaohsiung City was also approved in 2007. In 2004, the Kaohsiung City Government and Siemens built a temporary two-station circular light rail line, along with one trainset, in Central Park, in order to demonstrate the feasibility of building a light rail system in Kaohsiung City. It was meant to alleviate some residents' concerns, such as producing excessive noise and hindering normal traffic flow, that light rail would negatively impact their surroundings. This Siemens Combino vehicle was later used as part of the defunct M>Tram network in Melbourne, later transferring to Yarra Trams.
Railway
The city is served by the
Taiwan Railway Administration's
Western Line and
Pingtung Line.
Taiwan High Speed Rail also serves Kaohsiung City via its new Zuoying Station in northern Kaohsiung City. Future plans include extending high speed rail to the new Kaohsiung Station in the city centre. The new Kaohsiung Station will be an underground station, replacing the current ground level station. Additionally, these two stations will also be served by
Red line of Kaohsiung Rapid Transit System when the line opened for revenue service in early 2008.
Attractions
Love River (愛河)
Urban Spotlight Arcade (城市光廊)
Tuntex Sky Tower (東帝士85國際廣場)
World Games Stadium (世運會主場館)
Liuhe Night Market (六合夜市)
Zuoying's Lotus Lake (左營蓮池潭)
Kaohsiung Museum of Fine Arts (高雄市立美術館)
Cihou Fort (旗後砲台)
Qijin Ferry (旗津渡輪)
Old City of Zuoying (鳳山舊城)
Chai Mountain (柴山)
Ban Ping Mountain (半屏山)
Shou Shan Zoo (壽山動物園)
Former British Consulate at Takao (前清英國領事館)
Holy Rosary Cathedral (前金天主堂)
National Science and Technology Museum (國立科學工藝博物館)
Kaohsiung Museum of History (高雄市立歷史博物館)
Old Kaohsiung Railway Station (台鐵舊高雄車站)
Siziwan Scenic Area (西子灣風景區)
Kaohsiung Astronomical Museum (高雄市立天文教育館)
Kaohsiung Hakka Cultural Museum (高雄市客家文物館)
Chang-Gu World Trade Center (長谷世貿大樓)
Tower of Light (光之塔)
Singuang Ferry Wharf (新光碼頭)
True Love Ferry Pier (真愛碼頭)
Kaohsiung Fisherman's Wharf (高雄港漁人碼頭)
Sinsing Night Market (新興夜市)
Education
Kaohsiung has a number of colleges and junior colleges offering training in commerce, education, maritime technology, medicine, modern languages, nursing, and technology.
Kaohsiung Medical University (高雄醫學大學)
National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology (國立高雄第一科技大學)
National Kaohsiung Normal University (國立高雄師範大學)
National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences (國立高雄應用科技大學)
National Kaohsiung Marine University (國立高雄海洋科技大學)
National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism (國立高雄餐旅大學)
National Sun Yat-sen University (國立中山大學)
National University of Kaohsiung (國立高雄大學)
Wenzao Ursuline College of Languages (文藻外語學院)
Kaohsiung Municipal Kaohsiung Senior High School (高雄市立高雄高級中學)
Municipal Kaohsiung Girls' Senior High School (高雄市立女子高級中學)
Kaohsiung American School (高雄美國學校)
I-Shou International School (義大國際高級中學)
Conferences
Kaohsiung hosted the
OECC (OptoElectronics and Communications Conference) in 2006 and is scheduled to host it again in 2011.
International relations
Sister cities and twin towns
Kaohsiung is
twinned with:
Brisbane,
Australia
Belize City,
Belize
Barranquilla,
Colombia
Cartago,
Costa Rica
Hachiōji,
Japan
Blantyre,
Malawi
Cebu,
Philippines
Durban,
South Africa
Busan,
South Korea
Colorado Springs,
United States
Honolulu,
United States
Knoxville,
United States
Little Rock,
United States
Macon,
United States
Miami,
United States
Mobile,
United States
Pensacola,
United States
Plains,
United States
Portland,
United States
San Antonio,
United States
Seattle,
United States
Tulsa,
United States
Da Nang,
Vietnam
See also
Taipei
List of cities in the Republic of China
Administrative divisions of the Republic of China
References
External links
Kaohsiung City Government official website
Kaohsiung City Government official website
Category:Port cities and towns in Taiwan
Category:Populated places established in 1662
zh-min-nan:Ko-hiông-chhī
bo:ཀའོ་ཞུང་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།
ca:Kaohsiung
cs:Kao-siung
de:Kaohsiung
es:Kaohsiung
eo:Kaoŝiung
eu:Kaohsiung
fr:Kaohsiung
gl:Kaohsiung
gan:高雄市
hak:Kô-hiùng-sṳ
ko:가오슝 시
id:Kota Kaohsiung
it:Kaohsiung
sw:Kaohsiung
lt:Gaosiongas
hu:Kaohsiung
my:ကောင်းရှုံမြို့
nl:Kaohsiung
ja:高雄市
no:Kaohsiung
nn:Kaohsiung
pa:ਕਾਓਸੀਅੰਗ
pl:Kaohsiung
pt:Kaohsiung
ro:Kaohsiung
ru:Гаосюн
simple:Kaohsiung City
sk:Kao-siung
fi:Kaohsiung
sv:Kaohsiung
th:เกาซุง
ug:Gawshyung
vi:Cao Hùng
zh-classical:高雄市
war:Kaohsiung
wuu:高雄市
zh-yue:高雄市
zh:高雄市